{"id":10097,"date":"2025-01-30T17:37:57","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T16:37:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamarinabj.com\/?p=10097"},"modified":"2025-01-30T17:37:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T16:37:59","slug":"bail-verbal-et-condition-suspensive-une-proprietaire-obtient-gain-de-cause-contre-sa-locataire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamarinabj.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/30\/bail-verbal-et-condition-suspensive-une-proprietaire-obtient-gain-de-cause-contre-sa-locataire\/","title":{"rendered":"Bail verbal et condition suspensive : une propri\u00e9taire obtient gain de cause contre sa locataire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bail professionnel, B\u00e9nin<\/mark><\/strong> – Le Tribunal de commerce de Cotonou a rendu, d\u00e9but d\u00e9cembre 2024, un jugement en premier ressort dans l\u2019affaire opposant Hermione B., restauratrice, \u00e0 Jocelyne E. R. A., propri\u00e9taire d\u2019un local commercial. Le litige portait sur une opposition \u00e0 une mise en demeure adress\u00e9e par la bailleresse \u00e0 sa locataire, cette derni\u00e8re contestant l\u2019acte en invoquant une condition suspensive non r\u00e9alis\u00e9e.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Absence de contrat \u00e9crit<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En novembre 2022, Hermione B. a pris \u00e0 bail une boutique appartenant \u00e0 Jocelyne A., situ\u00e9e \u00e0 Cotonou, pour y exercer une activit\u00e9 de restauration. Le contrat pr\u00e9voyait un loyer mensuel de 80 000 FCFA, avec un paiement initial de trois mois de loyer et trois mois de caution, soit un total de 480 000 FCFA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toutefois, lors de la prise de possession du local, la locataire a constat\u00e9 que celui-ci \u00e9tait aliment\u00e9 par un compteur \u00e9lectrique commun de faible puissance. Estimant que cette configuration ne permettait pas d\u2019alimenter ses \u00e9quipements professionnels, elle affirme avoir obtenu de la propri\u00e9taire la promesse d\u2019installer un compteur personnel de plus grande capacit\u00e9 avant l\u2019ouverture de son activit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon Hermione B., cette installation constituait une condition suspensive du bail, de sorte qu\u2019elle ne devait payer le loyer qu\u2019\u00e0 compter de la pose effective du nouveau compteur, intervenue en juillet 2023. Elle soutient \u00e9galement avoir engag\u00e9 805 000 FCFA de travaux d\u2019am\u00e9nagement, ce qui, ajout\u00e9 aux trois mois de loyer pr\u00e9pay\u00e9s, couvrirait l\u2019ensemble des loyers dus jusqu\u2019en juillet 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juillet 2024, elle re\u00e7oit cependant une mise en demeure de la bailleresse lui r\u00e9clamant le paiement des loyers depuis janvier 2023, soit un montant de 1 520 000 FCFA. Hermione B. conteste cette demande, qualifiant l\u2019acte de \u00ab voie de fait \u00bb et de \u00ab trouble de jouissance \u00bb, et saisit le tribunal pour faire reconna\u00eetre l\u2019invalidit\u00e9 de la mise en demeure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une condition suspensive verbale non reconnue <\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La demanderesse, Hermione B., soutient que le bail \u00e9tait conditionn\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019installation d\u2019un compteur individuel, ce qui repoussait son entr\u00e9e en vigueur \u00e0 juillet 2023. Elle affirme \u00e9galement avoir engag\u00e9 des frais de r\u00e9fection du local, qui doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9duits des loyers \u00e0 payer. Selon elle, la mise en demeure est infond\u00e9e, car elle ne doit aucun loyer \u00e0 la date de son \u00e9mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lors de l\u2019audience, la propri\u00e9taire Jocelyne A. r\u00e9torque que la condition suspensive all\u00e9gu\u00e9e par la locataire n\u2019est pas prouv\u00e9e. De plus, elle avance que le bail a pris effet d\u00e8s la remise des cl\u00e9s en novembre 2022, avec une tol\u00e9rance d\u2019un mois pour les travaux, ce qui signifie que le paiement des loyers devait d\u00e9buter en janvier 2023. Elle affirme \u00e9galement que la locataire a occup\u00e9 les lieux sans s\u2019acquitter de ses obligations, accumulant 19 mois de loyers impay\u00e9s. Par cons\u00e9quent, la mise en demeure respecte les dispositions l\u00e9gales et ne constitue ni une voie de fait ni un trouble de jouissance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un jugement en faveur de la propri\u00e9taire <\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l’audience des d\u00e9bats, le Tribunal de commerce de Cotonou a rejet\u00e9 la demande de la locataire en raison du d\u00e9faut de preuve de la condition suspensive invoqu\u00e9e. La juridiction commerciale, pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par le juge CODJO Jonas Konon, a retenu que le bail, bien que verbal, avait pris effet d\u00e8s la remise des cl\u00e9s, conform\u00e9ment aux r\u00e8gles applicables en mati\u00e8re de baux commerciaux. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour le tribunal, l\u2019existence d\u2019un compteur \u00e9lectrique, m\u00eame de faible puissance, permettait \u00e0 la locataire de d\u00e9marrer son activit\u00e9. L\u2019installation ult\u00e9rieure d\u2019un compteur plus puissant, m\u00eame si elle \u00e9tait souhait\u00e9e, ne pouvait r\u00e9troactivement annuler l\u2019obligation de payer les loyers. Ainsi, la mise en demeure adress\u00e9e par la propri\u00e9taire \u00e9tait, selon le tribunal, conforme aux dispositions l\u00e9gales et ne constituait ni une voie de fait ni un trouble de jouissance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En cons\u00e9quence, le tribunal a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le bail prenait effet \u00e0 compter du 1\u1d49\u02b3 janvier 2023. Il a \u00e9galement ordonn\u00e9 la r\u00e9siliation du bail et l\u2019expulsion de la locataire, ainsi que de toute personne occupant les lieux en son nom comme l’a demand\u00e9 la bailleresse. La locataire a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 verser 235 000 FCFA au titre des loyers dus et \u00e0 quitter les lieux sous astreinte de 100 000 FCFA par jour de r\u00e9sistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette d\u00e9cision rappelle l\u2019importance, pour les parties \u00e0 un contrat de bail, de formaliser clairement les conditions d\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du contrat et d\u2019\u00e9viter les ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s pouvant mener \u00e0 des conflits juridiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bail professionnel, B\u00e9nin – Le Tribunal de commerce de Cotonou a rendu, d\u00e9but d\u00e9cembre 2024, un jugement en…\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"standard","csco_appearance_masonry":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"tags":[41,548],"class_list":{"0":"post-10097","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-business","8":"tag-benin","9":"tag-tribunal-de-commerce-de-cotonou","10":"cs-entry","11":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nBail verbal et condition suspensive : une propri\u00e9taire obtient gain de cause contre sa locataire - 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