{"id":11135,"date":"2025-07-03T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamarinabj.com\/?p=11135"},"modified":"2025-07-03T16:00:39","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T15:00:39","slug":"infra-petita-interets-contestes-procedure-abusive-la-cour-recadre-uba-benin-et-tranche-un-litige-avec-un-ex-employe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamarinabj.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/03\/infra-petita-interets-contestes-procedure-abusive-la-cour-recadre-uba-benin-et-tranche-un-litige-avec-un-ex-employe\/","title":{"rendered":"Infra petita, int\u00e9r\u00eats contest\u00e9s, proc\u00e9dure abusive : la Cour recadre UBA B\u00e9nin et tranche un litige avec un ex-employ\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Litige bancaire, Benin <\/strong><\/mark>\u2013 L\u2019affaire aurait pu n\u2019\u00eatre qu\u2019un banal litige bancaire. Elle s\u2019est transform\u00e9e, au fil des ans, en une d\u00e9monstration saisissante des enjeux juridiques entourant les rapports entre employ\u00e9 licenci\u00e9 et banque cr\u00e9anci\u00e8re. Neuf ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le lancement de la proc\u00e9dure, la Cour d\u2019appel de commerce de Cotonou a d\u00e9finitivement tranch\u00e9 il y a quelques jours le contentieux opposant United Bank for Africa B\u00e9nin (UBA) \u00e0 son ancien salari\u00e9, M L. Au c\u0153ur du d\u00e9bat : un pr\u00eat immobilier, des int\u00e9r\u00eats jug\u00e9s excessifs et une d\u00e9cision de premi\u00e8re instance entach\u00e9e d\u2019infra petita.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2003, M. L, alors chef de caisse \u00e0 la Continental Bank-B\u00e9nin, aujourd’hui UBA B\u00e9nin, souscrit un pr\u00eat immobilier de 10 millions FCFA. Le contrat pr\u00e9voit un remboursement sur 15 ans, via des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements sur son salaire. Mais en f\u00e9vrier 2007, la banque met brusquement fin \u00e0 son contrat de travail. Le remboursement du pr\u00eat s\u2019interrompt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estimant avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9 abusivement \u2014 ce que le juge social reconna\u00eetra plus tard \u2014 M. L conteste les relances de son ancien employeur et saisit le tribunal de commerce de Cotonou. Il demande la cessation des \u00ab\u00a0troubles\u00a0\u00bb, en l\u2019occurrence les actes de mise en demeure de remboursement, et la reconnaissance d\u2019un solde de dette bien inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui r\u00e9clam\u00e9 par UBA B\u00e9nin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une Cour d\u2019appel en mode r\u00e9paration<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le 28 d\u00e9cembre 2015, le tribunal d\u00e9boute le requ\u00e9rant de ses demandes et le condamne \u00e0 payer 11,8 millions FCFA \u00e0 la banque. M. L fait appel, soulignant plusieurs points non trait\u00e9s par les premiers juges. Il \u00e9voque notamment l\u2019absence de r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 sa demande de rapprochement de comptes, ainsi que le silence sur la demande d\u2019ex\u00e9cution provisoire. En droit, on parle alors d\u2019infra petita : le tribunal ne s\u2019est pas prononc\u00e9 sur toutes les pr\u00e9tentions des parties, en violation du Code de proc\u00e9dure civile, commerciale, sociale, administrative et des comptes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour d\u2019appel de commerce, sous la pr\u00e9sidence de William Kodjoh-Kpakpassou, ne se contente pas de corriger. Elle annule purement et simplement le jugement initial et \u00e9voque le dossier pour statuer \u00e0 nouveau sur le fond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle constate d\u2019abord que le montant initial de la dette, au moment du licenciement de M. L, s\u2019\u00e9levait \u00e0 11.866.644 FCFA. Et consid\u00e8re qu\u2019il est juridiquement infond\u00e9 de gonfler ce montant \u00e0 plus de 19 millions FCFA, comme le r\u00e9clame UBA, sous pr\u00e9texte d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats capitalis\u00e9s et de frais accessoires. \u00ab\u00a0Le d\u00e9classement du cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la suite du licenciement aurait d\u00fb entra\u00eener l\u2019arr\u00eat des int\u00e9r\u00eats\u00a0\u00bb, tranche la juridiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La banque ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0. En plus du remboursement du pr\u00eat, elle r\u00e9clame deux millions FCFA \u00e0 titre de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats, arguant d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure abusive men\u00e9e par l\u2019ancien salari\u00e9. La Cour rejette s\u00e8chement cette demande : \u00ab\u00a0S\u2019adresser \u00e0 la justice pour contester une dette ne constitue pas une intention de nuire\u00a0\u00bb, indique-t-elle en substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle rejette \u00e9galement la demande tardive de d\u00e9lai de gr\u00e2ce introduite par M. L, plus de dix ans apr\u00e8s les faits, estimant que les conditions d\u2019une telle faveur ne sont pas r\u00e9unies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un arr\u00eat qui sonne comme un avertissement<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le verdict est limpide. L’ex employ\u00e9 est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 rembourser les 11,8 millions FCFA. UBA est d\u00e9bout\u00e9e de ses pr\u00e9tentions additionnelles. Les demandes d’ex\u00e9cution provisoire sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9es sans objet, puisque l\u2019arr\u00eat est rendu en dernier ressort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette d\u00e9cision met en lumi\u00e8re selon notre sp\u00e9cialiste \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction un double d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre souvent ignor\u00e9 : d\u2019une part, la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 d\u2019un salari\u00e9 licenci\u00e9 face \u00e0 une institution financi\u00e8re ; de l\u2019autre, la tentation pour certaines banques d\u2019exercer un droit de cr\u00e9ance sans discernement, en s\u2019appuyant sur des int\u00e9r\u00eats parfois hors de proportion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toujours selon notre sp\u00e9cialiste \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction, au-del\u00e0 du cas d\u2019esp\u00e8ce, l\u2019arr\u00eat de la Cour d\u2019appel de commerce de Cotonou s\u2019impose comme un rappel \u00e0 l\u2019ordre. Il souligne la rigueur attendue des juridictions de premi\u00e8re instance, l\u2019importance d\u2019un d\u00e9bat contradictoire int\u00e9gral, et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de concilier droits du cr\u00e9ancier et protection du d\u00e9biteur en situation de fragilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Litige bancaire, Benin \u2013 L\u2019affaire aurait pu n\u2019\u00eatre qu\u2019un banal litige bancaire. Elle s\u2019est transform\u00e9e, au fil des…\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"standard","csco_appearance_masonry":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[191,239],"tags":[715,1436],"class_list":{"0":"post-11135","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-en-savoir-plus-2","8":"category-levenement-2","9":"tag-cour-dappel-de-commerce-de-cotonou","10":"tag-uba-benin","11":"cs-entry","12":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nInfra petita, int\u00e9r\u00eats contest\u00e9s, proc\u00e9dure abusive : la Cour recadre UBA B\u00e9nin et tranche un litige avec un ex-employ\u00e9 - LA MARINA BJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Neuf ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le lancement de la proc\u00e9dure, la Cour d\u2019appel de commerce de Cotonou a d\u00e9finitivement tranch\u00e9 il y a quelques jours le contentieux opposant United Bank for Africa B\u00e9nin (UBA) \u00e0 son ancien salari\u00e9, M Layind\u00e9. 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