{"id":12399,"date":"2025-10-29T15:25:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T14:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lamarinabj.com\/?p=12399"},"modified":"2025-10-29T16:05:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T15:05:10","slug":"pret-bancaire-pour-une-garantie-non-restituee-une-banque-beninoise-devra-payer-10-millions-fcfa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lamarinabj.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/29\/pret-bancaire-pour-une-garantie-non-restituee-une-banque-beninoise-devra-payer-10-millions-fcfa\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00eat bancaire : pour une garantie non restitu\u00e9e, une banque b\u00e9ninoise devra payer 10 millions FCFA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Justice commerciale, La Marina BJ <\/strong><\/mark>– Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019un simple document administratif, un permis d\u2019habiter d\u00e9pos\u00e9 en garantie d\u2019un pr\u00eat. Mais il aura suffi \u00e0 d\u00e9clencher une saga judiciaire. \u00c0 l\u2019issue de cette bataille silencieuse, la Bank of Africa B\u00e9nin (BOA-B\u00e9nin) a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment condamn\u00e9e, par la Cour d\u2019appel de commerce de Cotonou, \u00e0 verser 10 millions de francs CFA \u00e0 un entrepreneur b\u00e9ninois pour non-restitution de son titre foncier.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les faits, tout d\u00e9bute au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 SOMACO SARL sollicite aupr\u00e8s de la BOA-B\u00e9nin un concours financier pour soutenir ses activit\u00e9s. Comme souvent, la banque exige une garantie. Le g\u00e9rant s\u2019ex\u00e9cute : il d\u00e9pose \u00e0 la banque le permis d\u2019habiter, un document pr\u00e9cieux, preuve de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019une parcelle situ\u00e9e \u00e0 Akpakpa, dans la commune de Cotonou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pr\u00eat est accord\u00e9, les remboursements suivent, et tout semble se d\u00e9rouler normalement. Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, le cr\u00e9dit est enti\u00e8rement sold\u00e9. Le g\u00e9rant s\u2019adresse alors \u00e0 la banque pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer son permis d\u2019habiter. Une d\u00e9marche administrative de routine, pense-t-il. Mais la suite va tourner au bras de fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un silence prolong\u00e9, une confiance bris\u00e9e<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les premi\u00e8res demandes de restitution datent de 2006. Puis viennent les relances, les lettres, les interventions de Me Ir\u00e8ne Adjagba, notaire en charge du dossier. Rien n\u2019y fait : le document reste introuvable. La banque garde le silence. Les ann\u00e9es passent, la frustration grandit. Le g\u00e9rant exasp\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019inertie bancaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2020, apr\u00e8s quatorze ans d\u2019attente, il finit par saisir le Tribunal de commerce de Cotonou, r\u00e9clamant la restitution de son titre sous astreinte et 50 millions de francs CFA de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats. Le 2 d\u00e9cembre 2021, le tribunal lui donne raison : la BOA-B\u00e9nin est condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 restituer le permis d\u2019habiter ou son duplicata, sous peine d\u2019une astreinte de 200 000 francs CFA par jour de retard, et \u00e0 lui verser 10 millions de francs CFA de r\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La banque plaide la perte du document<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La BOA-B\u00e9nin fait appel. Elle admet la disparition du document, qu\u2019elle dit \u00ab adir\u00e9 \u00bb, mais conteste toute mauvaise foi. Dans sa plaidoirie, la d\u00e9fense invoque la perte fortuite et qu’il n\u2019a jamais refus\u00e9 la restitution mais qu’elle a simplement \u00e9gar\u00e9 le titre, un incident administratif regrettable, plaide-t-elle. La BOA B\u00e9nin affirme avoir pris des mesures d\u00e8s juillet 2006 pour \u00e9tablir un duplicata et estime que le client n\u2019a subi \u00ab aucun pr\u00e9judice r\u00e9el \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9tablissement bancaire demande alors \u00e0 la Cour d\u2019appel de r\u00e9duire la condamnation du premier juge \u00e0 un million de francs CFA. Mais du c\u00f4t\u00e9 du plaignant, la patience a des limites : il r\u00e9clame, au contraire, une r\u00e9\u00e9valuation \u00e0 50 millions, au motif que la perte du titre lui a fait manquer de nombreuses opportunit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le rappel \u00e0 l\u2019ordre de la Cour<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le 13 octobre 2025, la Cour d\u2019appel de commerce de Cotonou rend son arr\u00eat. Sous la pr\u00e9sidence du magistrat Appolinaire Hounkannou, la chambre d’appel du cinqui\u00e8me p\u00f4le confirme int\u00e9gralement le jugement de 2021. La BOA-B\u00e9nin est reconnue responsable d\u2019un manquement contractuel. Pour la juridiction d’appel, l\u2019argument de la perte n\u2019exon\u00e8re pas la banque et le fait que la pi\u00e8ce ait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9gar\u00e9e n\u2019efface pas l\u2019obligation de restitution. La Cour estime que l’intim\u00e9 a bel et bien \u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9 de la jouissance totale de son droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, et que cette situation constitue une faute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si la demande d\u2019une r\u00e9paration plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e est rejet\u00e9e, la sanction initiale est maintenue : 10 millions de francs CFA de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats et condamnation aux d\u00e9pens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au-del\u00e0 du contentieux, cette d\u00e9cision sonne comme un avertissement adress\u00e9 au secteur bancaire. La confirmation du jugement rappelle la r\u00e8gle du Code civil selon laquelle \u00ab les conventions l\u00e9galement form\u00e9es tiennent lieu de loi \u00e0 ceux qui les ont faites \u00bb. En d\u2019autres termes, une fois un cr\u00e9dit sold\u00e9, la banque a l\u2019obligation de restituer promptement les garanties qui lui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confi\u00e9es. Pour la Cour, la perte d\u2019un document par n\u00e9gligence ne peut \u00eatre assimil\u00e9e \u00e0 un cas de force majeure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Justice commerciale, La Marina BJ – Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019un simple document administratif, un permis d\u2019habiter d\u00e9pos\u00e9 en garantie…\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"standard","csco_appearance_masonry":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,191],"tags":[707,715],"class_list":{"0":"post-12399","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-business","8":"category-en-savoir-plus-2","9":"tag-boa-benin","10":"tag-cour-dappel-de-commerce-de-cotonou","11":"cs-entry","12":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nPr\u00eat bancaire : pour une garantie non restitu\u00e9e, une banque b\u00e9ninoise devra payer 10 millions FCFA - LA MARINA BJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019un simple document administratif, un permis d\u2019habiter d\u00e9pos\u00e9 en garantie d\u2019un pr\u00eat. 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